In S. A. Jørgensen's game book from 1802 ("Nyeste Dansk Spillebog") a Scandinavian checkers variant called makvær is described (pp.370-71). It is similar to Frisian draughts but uses an even stronger Dame that can slide on the orthogonals. This variant later came to be referred to as Scandinavian checkers. Sadly, it was incorrectly described by H. J. R. Murray, with the consequence that erroneous rule descriptions are now replete on the Internet. (These lead to a dull game that doesn't work.) Here follows the correct rules (although Jørgensen doesn't describe the rules in marked detail).
Scandinavian Checkers (or Scandinavian draughts) is played on a 10x10 or an 8x8 board, placed with the single dark corner to the right. The rules are similar to International Draughts, but pieces can also capture orthogonally, which is a rule that derives from Frisian draughts. A Man moves diagonally forward one step at a time. It can capture in all directions. (However, in the suggested alternative variants, it is not allowed to capture backwards.) Jumping over a piece captures it. Capture is mandatory, and one must always choose the line that captures the most pieces.
In the main variant, the Man may capture in all eight directions. (I have suggested two alternatives; in the variant with "medium strong Man" the Man may capture in all directions except backwards. In the "weak Man" variant the Man may capture only in the forward directions: north, north-east and north-west. All variants are quite good, but have different character.)
When a Man reaches the other end of the board (at the end of a capture sequence or by moving there) it becomes a Dame. A Dame can slide diagonally over empty squares and make "long" captures over empty squares, in all diagonal and orthogonal directions. It may also slide orthogonally, but on the dark colour squares only. (Thus, it is stronger than the "Wolf" in Frisian draughts.) Unlike the Man, it needn't land on the first empty square behind the captured piece. When making an orthogonal jump-capture, the capturing piece may only land on dark squares, while the other colour squares are neglected. Enemy pieces are captured one at a time, but several in sequence, if the position so allows. The objective of the game is to capture all your opponent's men, or stalemate the opponent so he has no moves. |